Publications

medRxiv (2026). Restoring communication for people with dysarthria secondary to pontine stroke remains a critical challenge. Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) have demonstrated great potential for speech restoration in people with amy…

bioRxiv (2026). Understanding how neural signals control muscle activity during behavior is a key challenge in motor neuroscience. To this end, recent advances in intramuscular multielectrode arrays have enabled high-quality multichannel recordings…

bioRxiv (2026). Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that decode complex movements, such as handwriting and speech, can require substantial training data to achieve high performance. We investigated whether leveraging the neural activity …

Nature Communications (2025). Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) restore motor function to people with paralysis by translating brain activity into control signals for external devices. In current iBCIs, instabilities at the neural int…

Nature Communications (2025). The mammalian spinal locomotor network is composed of diverse populations of interneurons that collectively orchestrate and execute a range of locomotor behaviors. Despite the identification of many classes of spinal i…

Nature Communications (2025). How does the motor cortex combine simple movements (such as single finger flexion/extension) into complex movements (such as hand gestures, or playing the piano)? To address this question, motor cortical activity was r…

bioRxiv (2025). Over the course of a voluntary movement, motor cortical activity exhibits a transition from preparation to execution, with markedly different activity across these phases. Preparatory activity in particular might be used to improve …

medRxiv (2025). Brain-computer interfaces have enabled people with paralysis to control computer cursors, operate prosthetic limbs, and communicate through handwriting, speech, and typing. Most high-performance demonstrations have used silicon micr…

Cell (2025). Summary Speech brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) show promise in restoring communication to people with paralysis1–3, but have also prompted discussions regarding their potential to decode private inner speech4–6. Separately, inner spee…

bioRxiv (2025). The ability to vary the mode and loudness of speech is an important part of the expressive range of human vocal communication. However, the encoding of these behaviors in the ventral precentral gyrus (vPCG) has not been studied at t…

bioRxiv (2025). A primary goal of systems neuroscience is to discover how ensembles of neurons transform inputs into goal-directed behavior, a process known as neural computation. A powerful framework for understanding neural computation uses neura…

Dystonia (2025). Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and abnormal postures. Animal models have played a pivotal role in studying the pathophysiology of dystonia. However, many genetic models, e.g., …

Journal of Neural Engineering (2024). Objective. Current intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) rely predominantly on threshold crossings (‘spikes’) for decoding neural activity into a control signal for an external device. Spiking data ca…

The Journal of Neuroscience (2024). Many initial movements require subsequent corrective movements, but how the motor cortex transitions to make corrections and how similar the encoding is to initial movements is unclear. In our study, we explored …

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 (2024).

ArXiv (2024).

Journal of Neural Engineering (2024). Objective. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are state-of-the-art tools for modeling and decoding neural activity, but deploying them in closed-loop experiments with tight timing constraints is challenging due …

Nature Biomedical Engineering (2024).

bioRxiv (2024). Understanding how the body is represented in motor cortex is key to understanding how the brain controls movement. The precentral gyrus (PCG) has long been thought to contain largely distinct regions for the arm, leg and face (repre…

Elife (2023). Neurons coordinate their activity to produce an astonishing variety of motor behaviors. Our present understanding of motor control has grown rapidly thanks to new methods for recording and analyzing populations of many individual neur…

arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.01230 (2023).

Neuron (2023). Krishna Shenoy (Image credit: Wikipedia) Krishna Vaughn Shenoy was the most empathetic person we’ve ever known. He will surely be remembered for his scientific impact, but his remarkable kindness and devotion to others will also be a…

Journal of Open Source Software (2023). Advances in neural interface technology are facilitating parallel, high-dimensional time series measurements of the brain in action. A powerful strategy for analyzing these measurements is to apply unsupervis…

ArXiv (2023). The advent of large-scale neural recordings has enabled new approaches that aim to discover the computational mechanisms of neural circuits by understanding the rules that govern how their state evolves over time. While these neural d…

Neurons, Behavior, Data analysis, and Theory (2023). Artificial neural networks that can recover latent dynamics from recorded neural activity may provide a powerful avenue for identifying and interpreting the dynamical motifs underlying biological…

Physiological Reviews (2022). Advances in our understanding of brain function, along with the development of neural interfaces that allow for the monitoring and activation of neurons, have paved the way for brain machine interfaces (BMI), which har…

Journal of Neural Engineering (2022). Objective. To study the neural control of movement, it is often necessary to estimate how muscles are activated across a variety of behavioral conditions. One approach is to try extracting the underlying neural…

Nature Methods (2022).

Nature Neuroscience (2022).

Neurons, Behavior, Data analysis, and Theory (2021). Neural population activity is theorized to reflect an underlying dynamical structure. This structure can be accurately captured using state space models with explicit dynamics, such as those base…

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2021).

eneuro (2020). The ability to grasp and manipulate objects requires controlling both finger movement kinematics and isometric force in rapid succession. Previous work suggests that these behavioral modes are controlled separately, but it is unknown…

Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020).

Journal of Neurophysiology (2019). Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can enable individuals to control effectors, such as a computer cursor, by directly decoding the user’s movement intentions from action potentials and local field pot…

Scientific Reports (2019). Decoders optimized offline to reconstruct intended movements from neural recordings sometimes fail to achieve optimal performance online when they are used in closed-loop as part of an intracortical brain-computer interfa…

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2019).

Nature (2019).

Journal of Neurophysiology (2018). Restoring communication for people with locked-in syndrome remains a challenging clinical problem without a reliable solution. Recent studies have shown that people with paralysis can use brain-computer interfaces…

Journal of Neural Engineering (2018). These results demonstrate the potential for an intracortical BCI to be used immediately after deployment by people with paralysis, without the need for user learning or extensive system calibration.

The Journal of Neuroscience (2018). In the 1960s, Evarts first recorded the activity of single neurons in motor cortex of behaving monkeys (Evarts, 1968). In the 50 years since, great effort has been devoted to understanding how single neuron activ…

Nature Methods (2018). Neuroscience is experiencing a revolution in which simultaneous recording of thousands of neurons is revealing population dynamics that are not apparent from single-neuron responses. This structure is typically extracted from…

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2018). Objective: Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to help people with impaired movement ability by directly translating their movement intentions into command signals for assistive technologies. Des…

PLOS ONE (2018). General-purpose computers have become ubiquitous and important for everyday life, but they are difficult for people with paralysis to use. Specialized software and personalized input devices can improve access, but often provide on…

Scientific Reports (2018). Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) that decode movement intentions should ignore neural modulation sources distinct from the intended command. However, neurophysiology and control theory suggest that motor cortex reflects th…

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2018). Objective: Recent reports indicate that making better assumptions about the user’s intended movement can improve decoder calibration for intracortical brain–computer interfaces. Several methods no…

Journal of Neural Engineering (2017). The results give new insight into how iBCI movements currently differ from able-bodied movements and suggest that restoring a Fitts’ law-like relationship to iBCI movements may require non-linear decoding strat…

eLife (2017). Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to restore communication for people with tetraplegia and anarthria by translating neural activity into control signals for assistive communication devices. While previous pre-clinica…

Journal of Neural Engineering (2017). Objective. When using an intracortical BCI (iBCI), users modulate their neural population activity to move an effector towards a target, stop accurately, and correct for movement errors. We call the rules that …

arXiv (2016).

Science Translational Medicine (2015). Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) promise to restore independence for people with severe motor disabilities by translating decoded neural activity directly into the control of a computer. However, recorded neur…

eLife (2015). The prevailing view of motor cortex holds that motor cortical neural activity represents muscle or movement parameters. However, recent studies in non-human primates have shown that neural activity does not simply represent muscle or …

Nature Medicine (2015).

PLoS Pathogens (2014). Histone modifications are important regulators of gene expression in all eukaryotes. In Plasmodium falciparum, these epigenetic marks regulate expression of genes involved in several aspects of host-parasite interactions, inc…

13th IEEE International Conference on BioInformatics and BioEngineering (2013). Optogenetics offers a powerful new approach for controlling neural circuits. It has a vast array of applications in both basic and clinical science. For basic science, …

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2012). Retinal prosthetics offer hope for patients with retinal degenerative diseases. There are 20-25 million people worldwide who are blind or facing blindness due to these diseases, and they have …

The Journal of Neuroscience (2010). Several recent studies have shown that the ON and OFF channels of the visual system are not simple mirror images of each other, that their response characteristics are asymmetric (Chichilnisky and Kalmar, 2002; S…

Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience (2010). An animal’s ability to rapidly adjust to new conditions is essential to its survival. The nervous system, then, must be built with the flexibility to adjust, or shift, its processing capabilities on t…

PLoS ONE (2008). Background The visual system can adjust itself to different visual environments. One of the most well known examples of this is the shift in spatial tuning that occurs in retinal ganglion cells with the change from night to day vis…

Journal of Applied Physics (2005). Current–voltage measurements of Au contacts deposited on ex situ cleaned, n-type ZnO(0001) [(0001¯)] surfaces showed reverse bias leakage current densities of ∼0.01(∼0.1)A∕cm2 at 4.6 (3.75) V reverse bias and idea…

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films (2005). In situ exposure of the (0001) surface of AlN thin films to flowing ammonia at 1120 °C and 10−4Torr removes oxygen∕hydroxide and hydrocarbon species below the detecta…